How to File an Auto Insurance Claim: Step-by-Step Guide
At the scene
Immediately after the accident:
- Move to safety if possible; turn on hazard lights.
- Call 911 if anyone is injured or if vehicles are blocking traffic.
- Do not admit fault or apologize — this can be used against you.
- Exchange information with all drivers: name, address, phone, license number, license plate, insurer, policy number.
- Photograph everything: damage to all vehicles, positions before moving, road conditions, traffic signals, skid marks, injuries.
- Get contact information from any witnesses.
- Request a copy of the police report number for your records.
Reporting the claim
Contact your insurer as soon as practical — most recommend within 24 hours. You can typically report via:
- Insurer's mobile app (often the fastest)
- 24/7 phone claims line
- Online claims portal
- Your local agent
When reporting, have ready: the date, time, and location of the incident; the police report number; photos you took; the other driver's information; and a description of what happened.
What happens next: the investigation
Your insurer will assign a claims adjuster who will:
- Review police reports, photos, and your statement.
- Inspect your vehicle (in person or via digital estimate).
- Determine fault and coverage applicability.
- Request medical records if you're claiming injuries.
The adjuster's job is to determine what the insurer owes — be cooperative but document everything.
Vehicle repair
Once the adjuster approves repairs, you can choose a repair shop. If you use an insurer-preferred shop, the process is usually faster and the work is often guaranteed. You are not legally required to use the insurer's network shop in most states.
Pay your deductible to the repair shop. The insurer pays the remaining covered amount directly to the shop.
Settlement
For property damage, settlement typically occurs when the repair is completed and paid. For injury claims, settlement happens when your medical treatment is complete or a maximum medical improvement (MMI) point is reached and both parties agree on the compensation amount.
If you believe the settlement offer is too low, see Claim Denials and Appeals for your options.
Frequently Asked Questions
- What is the first thing I should do after a car accident?
- Make sure everyone is safe, then call 911 if there are injuries. Document the scene with photos before vehicles are moved. Exchange information with the other driver. Do not admit fault. Report to your insurer as soon as you can.
- Should I file a claim for minor damage?
- Weigh the repair cost against your deductible and the potential rate increase from a claim. If the damage is close to your deductible amount, paying out of pocket may cost less over time than a premium increase.
- How long does a claim take to resolve?
- Simple property damage claims typically resolve within 1–2 weeks. Injury claims can take months or longer if liability is disputed or injuries require extended treatment. PIP and MedPay claims are usually faster because fault doesn't need to be established.
- What if I disagree with the repair estimate?
- You have the right to get your own estimate from an independent shop. If there's a significant discrepancy, discuss it with your adjuster. Most insurers will negotiate or use an appraisal process to resolve disputes.